On modern vehicles with adaptive EMS from the factory, you may see an improvement with higher octane fuel. As mentioned before, ignition timing and compression ratio are key. I'm only on my 3rd tank of gas with the Tundra, and I haven't found any good information about the Tundra's EM yet. While the compression ratio is fixed, timing could be adjusted to take advantage of higher octane. Whether or not the computer is actually programed to do that is a good question. A computer reset when changing fuels might help it learn the new octane rating more quickly, and give you more timing to take advantage of it. ...or it might not.
Higher octane for a few tanks shouldn't hurt anything. If it doesn't work, its just a few more $$ per fill, and maybe a bit worse MPG. If you're getting knock while towing, and the computer pulls timing, then a couple of octane points will definitely help.
Are there any good logging tools (where you could monitor ignition advance?) out there for a Toyota?